A dog catching a cold is not just a common health issue. Not only humans, but also pets like dogs and cats face this risk. Whether it’s a short-haired breed or even those originating from cold regions, they can still be affected.
Dogs with colds not only suffer from symptoms like coughing or loss of appetite, but in some serious cases, a cold can be life-threatening. Do you know the specific symptoms of a cold in dogs? Can a dog's cold be transmitted to humans? While many dog owners worry about this, in reality, if detected and treated in time, complications can be completely prevented.
This article by Pet Mart will provide treatment solutions ranging from folk remedies to medical approaches, helping you intervene promptly to ensure your dog's health. With accurate information, combining experience and medical knowledge, it will help you better understand the symptoms and signs of a cold in dogs, including both colds and the flu.
Causes of colds in dogs
There are two main causes of colds in pet dogs. The first is due to viruses, and the second is due to sudden changes in temperature or the surrounding environment. Inadequate temperature conditions are also a major reason for colds and the flu. Below are some common causes:
Cold weather: Like humans, dogs can catch a cold when exposed to cold weather, especially if they are not sheltered or do not have a thick enough coat to stay warm. Frequent changes in weather, fluctuating between hot and cold, rainy and sunny, or very humid conditions, can quickly lead to colds. While you may think the flu is a common, easily treatable condition that goes away quickly, it can lead to serious illnesses like rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, or even high fever.
Cold water: Dogs bathed in cold water, or even hot water but not dried properly, are susceptible to colds. Bathing in cold water or being wet in cold weather without being dried off in time can cause a dog to catch a cold.
Sleeping on cold ground: If a dog lies on cold or damp ground for a long time, they may catch a cold. Dogs sleeping outside, on patios, under stairs, in garages, or on cold floors are especially prone to illness. Dogs kept in damp kennels with uncleared urine or feces are also more likely to fall ill.
Viruses and bacteria: Like humans, dogs can catch a cold due to infections from viruses or bacteria.
Weak immune system: Dogs with a weak immune system or compromised health due to other illnesses are more susceptible to colds. This is often seen in puppies that have just been brought home. Dogs that have never been outside are more prone to colds than dogs that frequently go outdoors. Puppies are more vulnerable than adult dogs.
Contact with other dogs: Dogs can catch a cold from other sick dogs, especially when they play together or come into close contact.
Not vaccinated: Dogs that have not been vaccinated or have not completed their vaccinations are at higher risk of illness.
Symptoms and signs of a cold in dogs
When dogs begin to show unusual symptoms, they may have a cold. Here are important symptoms every dog owner should be aware of:
Common symptoms
- Elevated body temperature or lowered body heat
- Eyes are sensitive to light, easily dazzled
- Runny nose, sneezing, frequently scratching their nose
- Persistent coughing
- Lethargy, loss of interest in playing, refusal to eat or drink
- Rapid breathing and shivering
- Pale gums and skin
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea, sometimes with blood, or passing bloody stools
- If the condition persists, the dog may experience heart failure and die
Distinguishing between flu and cold
Dogs with the flu and cold share many symptoms such as coughing, fever, and runny nose. The flu can also cause conjunctivitis, intestinal inflammation, and high fever. If your dog coughs for three consecutive weeks, take them to a veterinary hospital.
**Signs of Cold in Puppies and Dogs with Infectious Diseases**
The initial signs of dogs suffering from infectious diseases and colds are very similar. It is crucial to distinguish them clearly. A dog infected with the Parvo virus or other infectious diseases often initially exhibits high body temperature, sneezing, watery eyes, and nasal discharge—symptoms resembling a common cold. Most dog owners may have difficulty differentiating these conditions, often assuming it's just a regular cold. This leads to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment, or even negligence, which can result in serious consequences.
Fake colds, or the early stage of infectious diseases, are very common. However, don't worry, as there are distinctive symptoms. When a dog is infected with a virus, its body temperature fluctuates—sometimes hot, sometimes cold. Most of these dogs also have eye discharge, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, and other symptoms. Vomiting usually occurs first, followed by diarrhea.
- Both conditions exhibit signs like increased body temperature, sneezing, watery eyes, and nasal discharge.
- Dogs with infectious diseases often have additional symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea.
**How is a Dog's Cold Different from Bronchitis and Pneumonia?**
Colds, pneumonia, and bronchitis in dogs are all related to respiratory issues, but they differ significantly in symptoms and severity. Here's a detailed comparison:
- **Cold in Dogs**
Symptoms: Shivering, mild cough, runny nose, watery eyes, and slightly red eyelids.
Cause: Usually caused by viruses, bacteria, or cold weather.
Severity: Not usually serious if treated promptly and properly, but can lead to complications if left untreated.
- **Bronchitis in Dogs**
Symptoms: Persistent cough (especially after exercise or in the morning), difficulty breathing, runny nose, red eyes, and sometimes fever.
Cause: Often due to an infection but can also result from inhaling smoke, dust, or other irritants.
Severity: Varies based on the cause. Chronic bronchitis can lead to permanent changes in the bronchial structure and breathing difficulties.
- **Pneumonia in Dogs**
Symptoms: Severe cough, difficulty breathing, high fever, runny nose, watery eyes, lethargy, refusal to eat, and signs of respiratory distress such as heavy breathing and dehydration.
Cause: Can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or irritants like smoke or chemicals.
Severity: Very serious and can be life-threatening if not treated. Pneumonia can obstruct airways and lead to respiratory failure.
Among these conditions, pneumonia is considered the most severe and requires urgent medical intervention. Colds are generally less serious but can pave the way for more severe illnesses if not cared for properly. Bronchitis is often chronic and may require long-term management and treatment. For any respiratory-related symptoms, seeking veterinary assistance is essential.
**What Medicine Should I Give My Dog for a Cold?**
A dog’s cold can arise from various factors, including weather changes and weakened immunity. It's crucial to know how to prevent and address this issue effectively. Ensure your dog's diet provides sufficient nutrition every day.
- Spend time playing with your pet regularly to maintain its health.
- Provide enough exercise, such as walking and outdoor play, to boost their immune system.
- Their living space should be well-ventilated, warm, and free from drafts and moisture.
With careful observation, experienced owners can differentiate and diagnose these conditions on their own. However, if you are inexperienced or notice more severe symptoms, take your dog to the vet for treatment to prevent complications, such as severe flu strains like H3N8 that can lead to pneumonia.
**Treatment Protocol + Medicine for Mild Colds and Flu in Dogs**
Some mild cold symptoms include shivering, mild cough (lasting 10–30 days), fever, runny nose, watery eyes, slightly red eyelids, and occasional retching. If the nasal discharge becomes thick, it may indicate a bacterial infection.
1. If the dog is not too sick, you can use some folk remedies:
- Give the dog warm sugar water or warm ginger tea.
- Keep the dog warm by providing clothes or blankets.
- Ensure they eat enough nutrients to fight off the illness.
2. Keep the dog warm during treatment and provide easily digestible food. Supplement with B and C vitamins. Administer eye and nose drops daily. You can give them cough syrups (such as Ích Nhi or Prospan) and natural remedies like ginger, basil, and perilla leaf juice (10–20ml daily). With this care, puppies can recover within 3–5 days.
3. Consider giving the dog Tamiflu at the early stage of the infection to slow the virus's spread. Some believe Tamiflu is helpful for treating Parvo as well. If the dog has thick nasal discharge or difficulty breathing, consider adding Acemuc or Bisolvon to thin the mucus.
**Treatment Protocol + Medicine for Severe Colds in Dogs**
For more severe colds, antibiotic treatment under a vet’s guidance is essential. Severe symptoms include a high fever (40–42°C), difficulty breathing, excessive thirst, and severe coughing. These signs indicate that the cold has progressed to a bacterial infection. This usually happens about two weeks after mild flu when the dog hasn’t recovered.
- Treatment includes using targeted antibiotics and the medication prescribed by the vet. Antibiotics for bronchitis or pneumonia may include Amoxillin or Zinnat at 30–50mg/kg. Use antibiotics for at least 3–5 days to avoid drug resistance.
If symptoms don't improve or worsen, or if your dog hasn't recovered within seven days of treatment, bring them to the nearest veterinary clinic for a proper diagnosis.
**Can You Give Human Cold Medicine to Dogs?**
No, you should never give human cold medicine to dogs under any circumstances. Here’s why:
- **Medicine ingredients**: Some ingredients in human cold medicine are toxic to dogs. For example, acetaminophen (commonly found in Tylenol) can cause liver failure or destroy red blood cells, leading to anemia in dogs.
- **Dosage**: Dogs metabolize medications differently from humans. A safe dose for humans could be dangerous for dogs.
- **Side effects**: Dogs may experience unwanted side effects or allergic reactions to certain human medications.
- **Other risks**: Some cold medications also contain additional ingredients, such as painkillers, which could harm dogs.
**Early Intervention if Your Dog Has a Cold, Loss of Appetite, and Vomiting**
Colds and vomiting in dogs can signal various health issues, ranging from mild to severe. If your dog has a cold and is vomiting, this might indicate a more serious condition that requires immediate attention. It's best to take your dog to the vet for appropriate medication and treatment, as folk remedies may no longer be effective. Do not attempt to treat your dog at home unless you have experience. Below are some steps you can take:
1. **Assess the Dog's Health**: Observe your dog carefully. Are there other symptoms such as fever, lethargy, or weakness?
2. **Contact a Vet**: If your dog shows severe symptoms like high fever, difficulty breathing, or signs of pneumonia, consult a veterinarian.
3. **Check the Diet**: Provide easily digestible foods such as boiled rice and chicken. Avoid fatty and spicy foods.
4. **Ensure Hydration**: Make sure your dog is drinking enough water. If your dog refuses water, try offering natural coconut water or water with added electrolytes.
**Note**: Always follow your vet’s instructions when administering treatment and medication. This is especially important if your dog is recovering from a serious illness or is taking other medications.
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**What to Feed a Dog with a Cold**
When a dog has a cold, providing the right nutrition is crucial. Cold symptoms can make dogs lose their appetite, so offer foods that stimulate their desire to eat, such as aromatic meals. For example, you can mix small amounts of meat broth or minced meat with their regular dog food but in smaller portions than usual. Below are some suggested foods for dogs with a cold:
- **Boiled Chicken**: Chicken is an easily digestible source of protein and can stimulate a dog’s appetite. Be sure to remove bones and skin.
- **Boiled Rice**: Rice is a simple carbohydrate that is easy to digest and provides energy.
- **Bone Broth**: Bone broth is rich in minerals and can help reduce inflammation. You can make it from chicken or beef bones and add a few vegetables.
- **Boiled Eggs**: Eggs are a good source of easily digestible protein.
- **Cooked Vegetables**: Softened vegetables such as carrots, pumpkin, or sweet potatoes can be mixed into their food.
**Important Feeding Tips**:
- Feed smaller meals more frequently, as your dog’s digestive system is weaker during illness.
- Avoid spicy or heavily seasoned foods, which can irritate the stomach.
- Ensure your dog always has access to fresh water. If they refuse to drink, try offering warm ginger water or diluted bone broth.
- If your dog isn’t eating or has a reduced appetite, adjust the portion sizes and monitor their condition closely.
Make sure your dog has a warm, draft-free space to rest. This helps them recover faster and prevents further cold-related complications.
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**Can a Cold or Flu in Dogs Spread to Humans?**
Did you know that a cold or flu in dogs cannot be transmitted to humans? That’s right, there’s no need to worry! However, colds can spread between dogs through direct or indirect contact. Why can’t dog flu spread to humans? Transmission depends on the differences in physiology and immune system structure between humans and dogs, which means viruses that cause colds in dogs cannot infect humans.
**How to Prevent Dogs from Spreading Colds to Each Other**:
- **Limit Contact**: To prevent transmission, avoid letting your dog interact with other dogs, especially when walking in parks or public areas.
- **Maintain Hygiene**: After your dog interacts with other dogs, wash your hands and keep your dog clean.
- **Monitor Symptoms**: If your pet begins to cough or shows other signs of a cold, seek veterinary advice.
Remember, while dog colds and flu don’t pose a threat to human health, it’s our responsibility to ensure the well-being of our four-legged companions.
